What is malolactic fermentation?

Malolactic fermentation is a crucial process in winemaking, particularly for many red wines and some whites, where it serves to refine acidity. This secondary fermentation occurs after the primary alcoholic fermentation and involves the conversion of malic acid, which is tart and green-apple-like in flavor, into lactic acid, which is softer and creamier. This process not only softens the acidity of the wine but can also alter its flavor profile, giving it a rounder mouthfeel and often introducing creamy or buttery notes, especially in certain white wines like Chardonnay.

This transformation is significant because it helps to balance the wine and can enhance its complexity, making it more appealing for consumers. The controlled introduction of specific bacteria induces this fermentation, and while it is most commonly used in red wines, it is also utilized in some white wines to achieve the desired taste and texture.