What does the term "tannins" refer to in wine?

The term "tannins" refers to naturally occurring compounds found in grape skins, seeds, and stems, as well as in wood. They are polyphenolic compounds that contribute to the bitterness and astringency of wine. Tannins play a crucial role in the texture and structure of wine, influencing how it feels in the mouth and its aging potential. When tasting wine, the astringent sensation caused by tannins can lead to a drying feeling on the palate, much like the experience of drinking strong tea.

Understanding tannins helps wine professionals and enthusiasts appreciate how they interact with other components in the wine, such as acidity and sweetness. This knowledge is essential for evaluating a wine's complexity and quality, as well as predicting how it might evolve over time in the bottle. Additionally, the presence of tannins can significantly influence food pairing, as the astringency can soften the richness of fatty foods.