What does the term "dry farming" refer to in viticulture?

The term "dry farming" in viticulture specifically refers to cultivating grapes without the use of irrigation, relying solely on the natural rainfall for moisture. This method encourages deep root growth as vines search for water in the soil, which can lead to improved fruit quality and concentration of flavors. Dry farming is particularly beneficial in regions with sufficient rainfall during critical growth periods, as it promotes the development of grapes that can express the terroir more distinctly due to the stress placed on the vines. This practice is often associated with sustainable farming techniques and can significantly affect the character and taste of the resulting wine. The emphasis is on working with the natural climate and soil conditions rather than artificially supplementing water, which defines the essence of dry farming.